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Guidance Manuals and Documents

The following links are provided to websites to find guidance related to the proper use of ozone.

Ozone Safety

Environmental ozone exposure guidelines have been reported by OSHA.  These thresholds should be followed to safely operate an ozone system.

  1. Material Safety and Data Sheet (MSDS) - Ozone
  2. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - Ozone Toxicity 
  3. Occupational Health and Safety (OSHA) - Ozone Exposure Limits
  4. OSHA - Ozone in Workplace Atmosphere - Method ID-214
  5. OSHA - Occupational Chemical Database
  6. Ozone Toxicity Chart
  7. USEPA - National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Ozone; 2015

Ozone Design

The purpose of these standards is to assist with the design, procurement, installation, and commissioning of ozone systems.

  1. AWWA F120-18 Ozone Systems for Water
  2. AWWA B304-13 Liquid Oxygen for Ozone Generation for Water, Wastewater, and Reclaimed Water Systems

Drinking Water Disinfection

Ozone CT guidelines for disinfection credit have been published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for given pH and temperature conditions.

  1. Virus/Giardia - USEPA Surface Water Treatment Rule - Guidance Manual (Appendix O); 1991.
  2. Cryptosporidium - USEPA Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule - Toolbox Guidance Manual (Chapter 11); 2010.

Bromate Formation

In bromide-containing waters, bromate is a known disinfection byproduct of the ozone process.  Bromate is suspected human carcinogen and regulated with a maximum contaminant level of 10 ug/L by USEPA and Health Canada.

  1. USEPA - Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule; 1998. 
  2. Health Canada - Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality; 1998.
  3. World Health Organization (WHO) - Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality; 2005.
  4. USEPA - Toxicological Review of Bromate; 2001 
  5. USEPA - Health Risk Assessment; 1998

Water Reuse 

  1. USEPA - Potable Reuse Compendium; 2017
  2. USEPA - Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet - Ozone; 1999
  3. Arizona - Guidance Framework for Direct Potable Reuse in Arizona; 2018
  4. California - Recycled Water Related Statues; 2017
  5. California - Recycled Water Related Regulations; 2015
  6. California - Upcoming Regulations for Drinking Water and Recycled Water
  7. Texas - Direct Potable Reuse Resource Document - Vol. 1; 2015
  8. Texas - Direct Potable Reuse Resource Document - Vol. 2; 2015

Food Safety 

  1. Recent Ozone Applications in Food Processing and Sanitation, Food Safety Magazine, October/November 2002. 
  2. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), "Secondary Direct Food Additives Permitted in Food for Human Consumption", 21 CFR 173; Federal Register 66(123): 33829-33830, 2001.
  3. U.S. FDA Regulatory Approval of Ozone as an Antimicrobial Agent – What Is Allowed and What Needs to Be Understood 
  4. EPRI: The Use of Ozone as an Antimicrobial Agent: Agricultural and Food Processing Technical Assessment; 2001
  5. EPRI: Expert Panel Report: Evaluation of the History and Safety of Ozone in Processing Foods for Human Consumption; 1997
  6. Aqueous Ozone from Cleaning to Sustainability, Food Safety Magazine, Feb. 2017
  7. FDA - Recommendations to Processors of Apple Juice or Cider on the Use of Ozone for Pathogen Reduction Purposes; 2004
  8. EPRI: Ozone and UV for Grain Milling Systems; 2000
  9. EPRI: Direct Food Additive Petition; August 2, 2000 (Source: 2001 IOA Conference Proceedings; Newport Beach, CA)

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